He cultivated good souls for the Party, writing a booklet in 1939 clearly setting out “How to Be a Good Communist” for recruits. He visited Stalin in 1949, the two men dividing the labor for the ongoing Communist revolution - going forward, China was to promote the “eastern revolution.” While drawing up the PRC’s constitution in 1954, he argued for democratic centralism, whereby individual cadres must put their personal beliefs on a Party policy aside if it becomes law. At the 7th National Congress in 1945, he argued that Mao Zedong Thought was the successor to Marxist-Leninism in China, proposing it be enshrined in Party ideology. He was the one to organize the New Fourth Army after the Nationalists abandoned it in 1941, placing it under the CCP with Liu as their political commissar.Īs with defeating CCP enemies, so with organizing the CCP itself. While on the Long March he lectured to new recruits, and when Mao announced guerilla fighting was required, Liu was the one drumming up forces to work undercover in Nationalist- and Japanese-occupied areas. It all ensured him a place in the Politburo of the Chinese Soviet Republic by 1931.
He clearly meant it: he organized 30-odd strikes in his first month alone as head of the Hubei Federation of Trade Unions in 1926. According to one cadre colleague, he “had a quiet nature, did not talk much, and who, if he wasn’t sitting all day reading a book, would be writing something.” But revolution fired him - “If I do not succeed, China will fail,” he stated in 1924. Whereas most Chinese revolutionaries were passionate and romantic, Liu was a practical strategist, squinting at the nitty-gritty while Mao looked to the horizon.
He was the perfect bureaucrat and theoretician. Mao and Liu’s partnership would last over 40 years. Alongside Mao, he played a big part in the Anyuan Coal Mine Strikes of 1922, an important uprising that made the town a base for future CCP agitation. Liu was a great organizer, unionizing industrial workforces by giving them a Marxist education, turning them into effective striking units from steel works, coal mines, and the railroads. His first major assignment was in Hunan, under a young district secretary named Máo Zédōng 毛泽东. Upon his return to China a year later, he went straight to work for the Chinese labor unions promoting class struggle. This led to the Youth League selecting him to study in Russia, where he joined the brand new Chinese Communist Party in 1921. An old classmate, quoted in Liu Shaoqi and the Cultural Revolution by Lowell Dittmer, remembered he had “hardly any personal hobbies, never engaged in random chatting and seldom went out…whenever we saw him he was studying Russian, reading The Communist Manifesto or considering problems in the Chinese revolution.”
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By 1919 he had emerged from a middle school trained in factory work it would later be a point of pride for him that he knew how to use the tools of the worker.īy the time he arrived at the Socalist Youth League in Shanghai, he was a serious and studious young man, trying to apply Communism to solve China’s national problems. Who is Liu Shaoqi?ĭespite what the Red Guard said, Liu wasn’t born to feudal landlords, but rich peasants in Hunan province in 1898.
But as far as Mao was concerned, he stood in the way - not of revolution, but of Mao himself. Years later, after Dèng Xiǎopíng 邓小平 rose to power, Liu would be rehabilitated, and many of his most significant policies live on in the era of Xí Jìnpíng 习近平.
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